Video Information
AIDS and sexually transmitted diseases
Introduction:
Known sexually transmitted diseases since the beginning of human civilization, no doubt the spread of sexually transmitted diseases in the time of communism first, and may be laws to control the society has developed for the prevention of the spread of these diseases in the time of social chaos. I have found when Egyptians Akaddma such as syphilis genetic, where explain d. Hassan Kamal statue Akhnom Dwarf says, "and see that the head and shoulders Taiwilan, thighs, arms, short films and also noted the small bones of the bottom of the skull and the small face, small feet, as seen in the conditions of syphilis genetic, and this statue is made of white stone "(1)
Definition:
There are many sexually transmitted diseases are those diseases transmitted by sexual contact from an infected person to a healthy person, for example: gonorrhea, and syphilis, genital herpes, and ulcers soft, swollen lymph nodes, swelling syphilis, and HIV AIDS «AIDS », and hepatitis.
AIDS was known as a disease nascent where he began to talk about in the early eighties of the last century, and began to monitor and disseminate horrific figures that indicate the prevalence and speed. In the definition that VD, which is spread by sexual intercourse, especially among homosexuals, and among drug addicts by drug users by injecting non-sterile and that is exchanged between a group of drug abusers, that is transmitted by blood, either by injection or through sexual intercourse, especially where there is anal wounds, even at the microscopic penetration into the anus, and the spread of disease in the blood and body fluids, except saliva. Also transmitted from mother to child during pregnancy or during birth, or through breastfeeding.
Spread:
There are special groups are exposed to sexually transmitted infections are much bigger than the rest of society, namely:
1 - sailors, flight attendants and hosts in airlines
2 - migrant workers, and the number of migrant workers in 1975, according to statistics of six million migrant workers, mostly without Aaúlatem and live a difficult life and worried and Azojat to Hmao that their wives back home and the only outlet for these prostitutes is .
3 -. Tourism: The counting tourists in 1975 215 million. It is no doubt that tourism or causes the spread of sexually transmitted diseases and Soakant tourism businessmen or tourist groups or youth
4 - Homosexuality: gonorrhea have increased by 24 times that he is gay, and spreads them AIDS and that 50 percent of syphilis cases are among gay
5 - prostitutes: There is no doubt that prostitutes are more vulnerable to disease nationality groups, except for a group of homosexuals who Omradm increased sexual diseases prostitutes largest and oldest source known to mankind for the spread of sexually transmitted diseases.
Source: sexually transmitted diseases, causes and treatment of Dr. Muhammad Ali bar.
AIDS has killed 2.1 million humans in 2007 and 33.2 million live person is infected, of whom 600,000 infected in Arab countries (World Health Organization estimates.) (2)
Terrifying facts about AIDS in the Arab world:
- The number of people infected with "HIV" in Arab countries than quarter of a million, while other estimates remember that more than six hundred thousand.
- Twenty thousand of people living with HIV are children under the age of 15 years.
- Annually infected more than 32,000 disease, while other estimates suggest that the figure up to 75,000.
- Three thousand new infections recorded among children.
- The prevalence of the disease in the Arab world among adults is one in a thousand.
- Kills AIDS in the Arab world annually Alpha 17, 1800 of them children.
- With the rate of AIDS may seem less than other regions in the world, it may be due to lack of reporting of all cases as a result of "stigma" that stigmatized by the injured, which means that the numbers may be much more than that.
- There is a lack of information about the spread of the disease in many Arab countries, and this hinders the understanding of the spread of the disease in the country and develop appropriate strategies to address it.
- Believes that a large proportion of injuries found in three states, are Sudan, Somalia and Djibouti.
- Unemployment and lack of development and the lack of political stability are all factors that play a role in the spread of the disease. (3)
Stages of the disease and its symptoms
Varying symptoms of HIV infection on the stage of infection. Although patients who are living with the virus tend to be infection may have occurred during the past few months, many of them do not know their condition, but in the late stages. It may not Those infected during the few weeks that follow infected by any of the symptoms, the symptoms may be limited to flu-like illness, including fever, headache, rash or sore throat.
Primary infection: and occur when the virus to enter the body the first time in two months as the patient develops symptoms of flu-like symptoms, such as:
- Fever, sore throat, muscle pain, night sweats, headache, diarrhea, enlarged lymph nodes, sores in the mouth, sores in the genital area, skin rash.
Stage clinical latency: after initial infection symptoms decline, and here enters the virus in clinical latency, that is present in the body but not his clinical symptoms, and at this stage takes the virus to multiply and destroy the immune system. As a person is a carrier of the disease, and thus transmitted to many people without knowing it.
The last phase of clinical latency usually ten years, after which the immune system may be exhausted starting with the so-called HIV, and then diagnosed as suffering from AIDS.
AIDS stage: in which the immune system may be Astnfzh virus "HTML. Aye. In", and the body becomes vulnerable to infection from other germs easily. The symptoms of AIDS include:
High fever, cough, weight loss, fatigue, diarrhea, shortness of breath, night sweats, white spots at the tongue and in the mouth, infection opportunistic, which is caused by germs not be a nurse for the body in a natural state, but when the collapse of the immune system, they become capable of the injury and spread it like "seize the" opportunity absence of the army, which protects the body: headache, rash.
Complications:
- Increase a person is exposed to the infection of tuberculosis as a disease and fungi, as well as opportunistic infections.
- A high risk of cancer, as the immune system is irresistible cancer cells in the bud and prevent its spread. One of these cancers and lymphoma Kaposi's nightmare.
- Problems in the nervous system.
- Kidney disease.
- Death. (4)
Diagnosis
Detector test reveals the HIV status of the patient in terms of infection, and that disclosure of the presence or absence of antibodies to the virus in the blood. The immune system produces when infected antibodies to combat factors alien body. In most patients, "window period" of between 3 weeks and 12 weeks to be antibody to HIV which is in production, but can not be detected. The role of early infection represents the maximum time to cause infection with infection that can occur in all stages of the disease. It should re-take the test after 3 months to confirm the test results after the passage of time sufficient for the production of antibodies to the infected.
Divided into four stages of the disease by the World Health Organization:
Stage I: asymptomatic or not Ranked AIDS as a disease
Phase II: demonstrated mild respiratory symptoms and Almkhattiyat
Phase III: chronic diarrhea continuously for a long time unknown reason, Lucille pulmonary bacterial infections
Stage IV: Baltotxoblasm encephalitis, inflammation of the esophagus, Kaposi's sarcoma
There is also a rating of U.S. AIDS by the concentration of white blood cells, CD4 +. (5)
Is diagnosed with AIDS when they have signs or symptoms defined by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The definition of AIDS include:
- Less than 200 cells CD4 + T per cubic millimeter of blood, compared with about 1,000 CD4 + T cells of healthy people. CD4 + T cells are white blood cells that play an important role in the body's immune system. These cells are destroyed by HIV. Even when a person feels the infected with HIV are well and not suffering from any symptoms of the disease, the CD4 + T cells infected with HIV.
- CD4 + T cells represent less than 14 percent of all lymphocytes, a type of white blood cells.
One or more of the diseases listed below:
* Ovaries, esophagus, bronchi and the trachea or lungs
* Cervical cancer, which is soft
* Coccidioides immitis, which spread
* Cryptococcosis, which affect the body out of the lungs
* Cryptosporidiosis affecting the bowel and lasted more than a month
* Cytomegalovirus disease outside the liver, spleen or lymph glands
* Retinitis cytomegalovirus which occurs with the loss of sight
* Encephalopathy related to HIV
* Herpes simplex including ulcers lasted more than a month or bronchitis, pneumonia or inflammation of the esophagus
* Histoplasmosis, which spread
* Homologues Alboaúg disease that affects the intestines and lasted more than a month
* Kaposi's sarcoma
* Lymphoma, a type of Burkitt, Aboriginal or be immune is basic and affects the brain or central nervous system
* Mycobacterium avium complex or disease caused by Mycobacterium Alkinsasah
* Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the lungs or outside
* Other species of Mycobacterium, which spread
* Sacculation pulmonary Gerovica, which was formerly called Karenni and pneumonia.
* Recurrent pneumonia
* Leukoencephalopathy Progressive multifocal
* Salmonella septicemia repeated
* Toxoplasmosis in the brain, also called encephalitis
* Wasting syndrome caused by infection of HIV
Symptoms may also include anxiety, dementia, depression and insomnia.
Tests HIV and AIDS
Blood tests are the most common way to diagnose the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the virus that causes acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). These tests look for antibodies to the virus that are present in the blood of infected persons. They should get the test persons exposed to the virus immediately.
Early testing is critical with HIV. If the virus test positive, the doctor can develop a treatment plan to help in the fight against HIV and the prevention of complications. Early testing also can draw attention to avoid high-risk behavior that could spread the virus to others.
Because it can take anywhere from six weeks to six months to develop antibodies to the virus, there may be a need for follow-up tests. The doctor will ask about symptoms and medical history and risk factors and conduct a physical examination.
Initial tests for the diagnosis of HIV and AIDS include: (6)
* Test ELISA - ELISA, which means Enzyme-linked examination immune system, and is used for the detection of infection with HIV. If the ELISA test is positive, and is usually administered Western blot test (Western Blot) to confirm the diagnosis. If the ELISA test is negative, but you think you may have HIV, you should be tested again in 1-3 months
ELISA test is very sensitive in the infection of HIV, chronic, but because it does not produce antibodies immediately after infection, the test may be negative through a window of a few weeks to a few months after the injury. Although the test result may be negative during this window, it may be high level of virus and are at risk of transmission.
Tests ** home - the only home test approved by the FDA is a test of the U.S. (Home Access Express Test), which is sold in pharmacies.
Saliva tests ** - is used a cotton swab to get saliva from inside the cheek. Piece is placed in a flask and submitted to the laboratory for testing. Results are available in three days. And positive results should be confirmed with a blood test.
** Viral load test - This test measures the amount of virus in the blood. Generally, it is used to monitor progress during treatment or detection of HIV infection in early. Three techniques to measure the viral load of HIV in the blood - transcription polymerase chain reaction inverted (RT-PCR), branched DNA (BDNA) and nucleic acid sequence-based amplification assay (NASBA). The basic principles of these tests are similar. Detection of human immunodeficiency virus using DNA sequences that bind specifically to those found in the virus. It is important to note that the results may vary between tests.
* Western Blot Western Blot-and this is very sensitive blood test is used to confirm the results of Alachtbaralaijaah ELISA.
Treatment Aloadzla no vaccine yet, but no cure for after exposure lasts for four weeks, all symptoms may include diarrhea, fatigue, nausea and anxiety.
Antiretroviral therapy
Consists of doses of antidepressant treatment is very strong against viruses highly active antiretroviral therapy, or HAART. Treatment consists of a group of drugs (cocktail) of at least three drugs from at least two families. Mainly anti-enzymes reverse transcription central section Asymmetric nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NARTIs or NRTIs) (cause not to start attacking the cell and manufacture the central section of the virus), and either anti-enzyme protein solution protease inhibitor (prevents sabotage cell protein so as not to occupy the virus and its functions ), or anti-enzymes reverse transcriptase decentralized non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) (prevents the manufacture of outer section of the virus).
The treatment of children more severe than adult treatment because of the rapid progression of the disease they have.
This allows treatment to control the symptoms of the disease and the evolution of the concentration of virus in the blood, but it does not cure the patient or hides the symptoms of the disease. As returning symptoms of the disease as soon as treatment is stopped. The person needs a full life to get rid of this virus. With this treatment improves the quality of life of the patient and public health. The progression of the disease usually takes between 9-10 years, and after the onset of symptoms (stage IV) patient live an average of 9.2 months. The treatment can prolong this to 4-12 years.
But treatment with significant side effects and sometimes result in weakness or Tnid on medication. And lack of stamina and lack of continuity is one of the reasons is the limited usefulness of treatment. The treatment may be difficult in his steps with a large number of pills that must be addressed. The side effects of treatment may include continuous dissolution of grease in the body or loss, diarrhea, insulin resistance (diabetes), increased risk of cardiovascular diseases, congenital malformations. The price of these medications is very high and can not most people have to pay their costs. (7)
Prevention
Individuals can diminish the risk of infection with human immunodeficiency viruses decrease exposure to risk factors. The following are the main methods for the prevention of HIV infection:
1. The use of male and female condoms
The correct and consistent use of condoms and female sex penetrate through the vaginal and anal prevent the spread of infection by sexually transmitted, and which of them HIV. The evidence suggests that condoms made of latex has preventative effects of transmission of HIV and other diseases, sexually transmitted over 85%.
Two. Tests to detect infection with human immunodeficiency viruses and diseases transmitted sexually and counseling around
It is strongly recommended to conduct tests to detect infection with viruses HIV and other diseases, sexually transmitted at all exposed to any risk factor even get to know their situation in terms of infection and access to preventive and curative services without delay.
3. Prevention of sexual consort negative for HIV before exposure to risk
Proved experiments conducted on pairs contrasting worshipers to take spouse is infected with HIV medicines antiretroviral can play an active role in and protect them from becoming infected with the virus from an infected spouse, which is what is known as pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV infection.
WHO recommends countries to implement demonstration projects for pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV infection for couples dissimilar worshipers, men and variants of the gender identity of those who have sex with men.
4. The prevention of infection with HIV after exposure to risk
Involves the prevention of infection with HIV after exposure to the risk of the use of antiviral drugs (ARVs) within 72 hours after exposure to the virus in order to prevent contagion. And is often recommended by giving pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV infection to health care workers after exposure to injuries caused by needles tingling in the workplace. It also includes the prevention of infection with HIV after exposure to risk also advise and provide first aid and primary care and conduct tests to detect HIV, then depending on the level of danger, giving the course of treatment of antiviral drugs (ARVs) for 28 days with follow up care.
5. Male circumcision
Male circumcision reduces, if conducted safety health workers are well trained, the risk of injury to a male infected with HIV through sexual practices with women by about 60%. The male circumcision interventions in major epidemics Almtamamh with a high prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus and low rates of male circumcision.
6. Elimination of the transmission of HIV from mother to child
Called on the transmission of HIV from a mother infected with the virus to her baby during pregnancy or labor, childbirth or breastfeeding name vertical transmission or transmission from mother to child. The rate of transmission of HIV from mother to child in the absence of any preventive intervention to between 15 and 45%. And this can be prevented if the entire transmission received both mother and child antiviral drugs (ARVs) throughout periods of potential and where the incidence of infection.
WHO is currently reviewing the merits of giving antiviral drugs (ARVs) to all pregnant women infected with the virus, regardless of the amount of CD4 immune factor to have, and the pregnancy to continue taking the drugs for life.
7. Treatment with antiretroviral
New study confirms that, if committed person infected with HIV system effective therapeutic drugs antiretroviral the risk of transmission of the virus to the spouse in a sexual practice is infected may be reduced by 96% for couples who have one of them is infected with HIV and the other is not infected with it. The World Health Organization recommends giving the treatment of antiretroviral therapy for HIV-infected spouse regardless of state immunity.
8. Reduce the risks of using drugs by injection
Those who take drugs by injection to take precautions so as not to become infected with HIV and that the use of sterile injection equipment, including syringes and needles every time deal where a syringe. The package includes integrated for the prevention of infection with HIV and treatment, particularly treatment of compensatory opium to drug addicts, treatment of drug addiction, and the detector test HIV counseling about it, and the treatment of HIV infection and care, and the availability of condoms and treatment of infections transmitted diseases sexually, and cases of tuberculosis, and viral hepatitis. (8)
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Sources:
(1) Ancient Egyptian Medicine. D. Kamal Hassan - Cairo library Madbouli p 521 996
(2) http://www.med-syria.com/reports/2008/11/aids.html
(3) http://www.almokhtsar.com/node/245601
(4) http://www.almokhtsar.com/node/245601
5)http://www.med-syria.com/reports/2008/11/aids.html
(6)http://www.ucsfhealth.org/conditions/aids/diagnosis.html
(7)http://www.med-syria.com/reports/2008/11/aids.html
(8)http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs360/ar/
Sources:
(1 ) الطب المصري القديم . د.حسن كمال - مكتبة مدبولي القاهرة ص 52 1996
(2) http://www.med-syria.com/reports/2008/11/aids.html
(3)http://www.almokhtsar.com/node/245601
(4) http://www.almokhtsar.com/node/245601
5)http://www.med-syria.com/reports/2008/11/aids.html
(6)http://www.ucsfhealth.org/conditions/aids/diagnosis.html
(7)http://www.med-syria.com/reports/2008/11/aids.html
(8)http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs360/ar/
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